Hypothetical Sentences Using Wish.

1) Wish + Past Perfect: We use this form to talk about things that we wish had been different in the past:

• I wish I had never gone there.

2) Wish + Past Simple: We use this form to express wishes about the present or the future.

• I wish I had a new car.

3) Would rather + Past Simple: Describe a preference about present or the future.

• I would rather you came tomorrow.

4) Wish + Would: To talk about an habit that we would like someone else to give up.

• I wish my sister would stop playing music at night.

5) I wish I could: We use this form when we would like to have an ability that we do not have or to talk about an habit that we would like to be able to give up.

• I wish I could swim

6) It is (high) time: We use it is time + past simple to describe something we think should be done in the present or in the future.

• It is time citizens started to recycle.

INTENSIFIERS / MODIFIERS

Adverbs can be classified in intensifiers and downtoners.

• Intensifiers: Extremely, Very, Really.
• Downtoners: Fairly, Quite, Rahter.
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Adjectives can be intensified by using adverbs such as rather, very or extremly:

• Ex: The person was completely dead.
• It was extremly hot in the room.

However some adjectives have already an extreme meaning. So these adjetives can only be intensified with adverbs such as absolutely, completely or utterly.

• Read that book was completely impossible.

Adverbs that can be used before gradable adjectives:

• Pretty, fairly, rather, quite, very. extremly, really(*), particullarly, terribly.

Adverbs that cannot be used before gradable adjectives (because they are extreme or absolute adjectives)

• rahter, utterly, absolutely, completely

(*) really can be used with both adjectives.

Conditionals

CONDITIONALS:

 We use:

- If/unless/when + present simple(or will) + present simple with general truths.

          

                          Ex: if you heat liquid to 120ªC, it boils

- If/when + present simple + will/might/may: Condition referring to a present or future event that is likely to happen.

                          Ex: He might be prepared to work when he finish with his studies.

- If/unless + past simple + would/could/might: Hypothetical condition (in the present or in the future).

                          Ex: If Marta went to school, she could speak languages.

- If/unless + past perfect + would/could/might: Hypothetical condition (in the past).

                          Ex: Even if I had got the job, I probably wouldn't have enjoyed it much.

In the FORMAL STYLE if can be omitted:

                    Ex: If I had been accepted....     without the if:    Had I been accepted in college, I would                                                                                                       have studied longer.

Supposing/ Imagine can be used instead of it.

If + was/were to : Make a situation or event seem more hypothetical. 

                   Ex: If they were to find a way of removing ebola, millions of live would be saved.

In case is not equal to if:  In case is used to talk about precautions (something done to avoid a problem).

If+should/happen to: is used to suggest that something is unlikely to happen, or may just happen by chance.

                   Ex: If you happen to pass a pharmacy, could you get me some aspirin?